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By Olumide T. Agunbiade
INTRODUCTION
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) constitute
major public health concern and enigma. It is a major health problem affecting
mostly young people, not only in developing, but also in developed countries.
Sexually transmitted
infections (STIs) are among the most common causes of illness world-wide with
far reaching health, public and economic consequences.[1] STIs are a major
public health problem due to their serious sequelae when untreated and ability
to increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and
transmission by a factor of 10. [2] Also problematic is the long-term
complications, which include pelvic inflammatory disease and cervical cancer.[3].
STIs are spread primarily through person-to-person sexual contact.[4].
World-wide, young people under the age of 25 years,
who represent nearly half of the world's population, experience over 100
million new cases of STIs yearly.[4]. It is estimated that 80-90% of the global
burden of STIs occur in the developing world where there is limited or no
access to diagnostics[4].
In Nigeria, STIs are more prevalent among adolescents, partly because sexual debut comes
as early as 10-11 years of age. A comparative study in Imo State and other
communities in Nigeria revealed prevalence of 13.9% among post primary schools
students aged 11-25 years and 17.16% among tertiary school students aged 16-40
years.[6]. This pattern of STIs among adolescents has been attributed to
physiologic susceptibility, peer pressure, specific sexual behaviors and lack
of access to appropriate treatment.[7].
Apart from the huge costs associated with detection
and treatment of STIs, the young men and women infected constituted the work
force in Nigeria, and are thus hindered in their ability to provide for their
families and contribute to socio-economic growth of their communities.[8]. It
is estimated that STIs account for 20% of economic losses due to ill health in Nigeria.
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